High-Grade Glioma (HGG) – Overview

High-grade glioma (HGG) represents a category of fast-growing, aggressive brain tumors, with glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma being the most common subtypes.

Health Apr 22, 2025 16 Add to Reading List

These cancers are notable for their high recurrence rates, resistance to standard treatments, and poor survival rates. Although HGG is more frequent in adults, it can also affect children, presenting distinct clinical and genetic characteristics across different age groups. Standard treatments generally involve surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, though their effectiveness remains limited, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic approaches and personalized medicine.

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Epidemiological Segmentation of HGG (2020–2034) – 7MM

Total Incident Cases
Age-specific Incidence
Incidence by Major Histological Subtype
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) / Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) Cases
Cases with H3 K27M Mutation

HGG Epidemiology (2023 Highlights)

In 2023, the incidence of High-Grade Glioma was considerable across the 7 major markets (7MM), with the United States reporting the highest number of new cases, approximately 16,200.
Among the EU4 and the UK, Germany led in case numbers, followed by France, while Spain reported the fewest.
In the US, glioblastoma was the most commonly diagnosed form, with about 13,100 cases, while anaplastic astrocytoma accounted for approximately 1,600 cases.
The disease is notably more common in adults than in pediatric populations, reflecting age-related distribution trends.

HGG Market Overview

In 2023, the HGG market across the 7MM reached an estimated value of USD 800 million.

Market Growth Drivers:

Advancements in immunotherapy and targeted treatments, including promising agents like ONC201 and DCVax-L, are improving the clinical outlook.
Increasing knowledge of the molecular and genetic underpinnings of HGG (e.g., H3 K27M mutation) is driving the development of precision medicine and more tailored therapeutic options.

Market Barriers:

The aggressive nature and biological complexity of HGG limit the durability of current treatments and pose challenges to achieving long-term survival.
The limited success of clinical trials and regulatory challenges continue to slow the approval of emerging therapies.